|
The marsh tit (''Poecile palustris'') is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae and genus ''Poecile'', closely related to the willow, Père David's and Songar tits. It is small (around 12 cm long and weighing 12 g) with a black crown and nape, pale cheeks, brown back and greyish-brown wings and tail. Between 8 and 11 subspecies are recognised. This bird's close resemblance to the willow tit can cause identification problems, especially in the United Kingdom where the local subspecies of the two are very similar (there, they were not recognised as separate species until 1897). Globally, the marsh tit is classified as Least Concern, although there is evidence of a decline in numbers (in the UK, numbers have dropped by more than 50% since the 1970s, for example). It can be found throughout temperate Europe and northern Asia and, despite its name, it occurs in a range of habitats including dry woodland. The marsh tit is omnivorous; its food includes caterpillars, spiders and seeds. It nests in tree holes, choosing existing hollows to enlarge, rather than excavating its own. A clutch of 5–9 eggs is laid. ==Taxonomy and systematics == Most authorities retain ''Poecile'' as a subgenus within the genus ''Parus'', but the American Ornithologists' Union treats it as a distinct genus. This is supported by mtDNA cytochrome ''b'' sequence analysis; within ''Poecile'', the marsh tit is part of a group of Eurasian 'typical chickadees' that includes also the willow tit, Père David's tit, black-bibbed tit, and the Songar tit. The scientific name is derived from the Greek ''poikolos'', meaning 'spotted', and Latin ''palus'', meaning 'marsh'.〔 The number of subspecies recognised varies between authorities. Some, such as The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World list eight worldwide; The Handbook of the Birds of the World lists 11: * ''P. p. dresseri'', found in central & S England, Wales and W France. Still present in the far south-east of Scotland but in small numbers.〔http://www.the-soc.org.uk/sbr.php〕 Slightly smaller than ''palustris'' and more brown or olive-coloured on upperparts and dirtier below. Pale brown tertial fringes can sometimes cause confusion with willow tit * ''P. p. palustris'', N & C Europe, from S Scandinavia S to N Iberia, E to central Poland, W Balkans and Greece * ''P. p. italicus'', French Alps, Italy and Sicily. As ''dresseri'', but more rufous on upperparts and paler on underparts〔 * ''P. p. stagnatilis'', E Europe E to S Urals and NW Turkey * ''P. p. kabardensis'', Caucasus and NE Turkey. * ''P. p. brevirostris'', S central & SE Siberia, N Mongolia, NE China and N Korea * ''P. p. jeholicus'', NE China * ''P. p. hellmayri'', E China and S Korea. * ''P. p. ernsti'', Sakhalin Island * ''P. p. hensoni'', S Kuril Islands and Hokkaido, Japan 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marsh tit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|